Lesson
Guide in Science and Health IV
First
Grading Period
I. Objective
A. Explain how
the skeletal system enables us
to move
B. Demonstrate how the skeletal system enables
us to move through making a model
C. Tell
how to be careful in order to protect the joints in the body
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Value Integration: Carefulness
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II. Subject-Matter
Explaining on How the Skeletal
System Enables Us to Move
A.
Science Concept: A joint is the point or part where two or more bones connect.
There are two kinds of joint: immovable or fixed joint and movable joint.
Movable
joints are ball-and-socket joint, hinge joint, pivot joint.
B.
Science Processes: Observing,
Communicating, Inferring
C.
References: Science Spectrum 4, pp. 5-8, Rebecca R. Fallaria, Nenita A.
Apolinario, Jesse D. Ronquillo, Into the Future: Science and Health 4, pp 6-8, Science
for Daily Use 4, 6-7,PELC #1.4, p.1
D.
Materials: Model of the skeletal system, chart
E.
Strategy Used: 4 A’s Strategy
III. Procedures:
A. Activities:
1. Singing of the action
song, “Put Your Right Thumbs In”
2.
a. Divide the class into five. Let
them perform activity 1.2 of p. 7 of Science Spectrum 4.
Activity
# ____ – Observing Some Joints
What You need: fresh (uncooked) chicken leg,
knife
What To Do: 1. Examine a fresh (uncooked) chicken
leg.
2. Move the chicken’s leg up and down.
3.
Carefully remove the skin and muscles that cover the bones. See what
is at the end of the muscle.
4.
Look at the point where the bones meet. Examine the structure that connects the
bones.
5.
See if you can move the bones at the joints. Try to bend, straighten, and
rotate them also.
6.
Cut the structure that connects the bones.
b. Let each group reporter to do the reporting
after.
B. Analysis:
1. (Singing of the
action song)
a. What are the
movements of your body you have done while singing?
b. What can you say about the movements of
your legs, hips, arms, hands and fingers?
c. At what points can you move the bones?
2. (Group Activity)
a. Do you notice the
cordlike bands attached to the joint?
b. How it help the
movement of the bones?
c. How are the
moving bones joined?
d. How do the kind
of joints relate to the movements?
c. Why can’t you
bend and straighten the chicken’s leg, when you cut the bands?
C.
Abstraction:
1.
Input: Discussion on the various joints, the location and the movements of the
joints.
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A joint is an area
where one bone meets another bone.
1.
Fixed joint or immovable joint, the bones are tightly held together
such that they cannot move.
2. Movable joints allow bones to
move.
a.
A hinge joint allows forward and backward movements in only one plane.
b.
A pivot joint allows rotating motion.
c.
A ball-and-socket joint allows the great freedom of movement.
Ligaments a strong and fibrous
tissues that hold together the bones at the joint.
Cartilage is an elastic and smooth
layer that protects movable joints from wear and tear in several ways.
Synovial Fluid is a liquid that keeps
the joints moist and lubricated.
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How are the bones of the skeletal system held
together?
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What are the kinds of
joint and their movements?
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Can you explain why the
skeletal system enable us to move?
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How important are the
joints? ligaments, cartilage and synovial fluid?
Value
Integration: If one of our joint is
weak, the whole body is affected. What would you do in order to protect all
joints in our body?
2. Generalization: How do joints in the skeletal system enable
us to move?
IV. D. Application: (using rubric scoring
guide)
a.
Construct a model of a leg or arm by a hinge joint, using cardboard and round
fastener. Demonstrate how it moves. Then explain how do joints in the skeletal
system enable us to move.
b. Rico
and Niel were climbing on the guyabano tree. They wanted to get some fruits
from it. Unfortunately, Rico was slipped on one of its small branches and fell
down. He screamed for pain because his right leg was aching. What do you think
happened to the joints of Rico’s leg?
V. E. Enrichment Activities
Interview a physician or a nurse
and find out why the amount of synovial fluid in the joint decreases.
Prepared
by:
ROCHELL
R. CABAHUG
OCCES
GT/SSES 4 Adviser
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